Earth Notes: Combi Boiler Replacement Dilemma
Updated 2024-09-28 13:38 GMT.By Damon Hart-Davis.
2022-09-09: Combi Struggling
Our gas combi boiler was fairly recently installed when we moved in to 16WW , ie over 18 years ago. The combi is a Potterton Performa 24 GCNo 47 393 06, non-condensing, ~24kW. See some backstory.
For a while now the pressure reported by the combi has been swinging between 0 and 3 bar. When it gets low I gently top it up, but I suspect a failed expansion vessel.
I am asking for advice on possibilities (somehow fix, replace with condensing combi, replace with electric combi, somehow install ASHP) on Twitter and BuildHub:
Our old gas combi may be on its way out. Our house is due to be bulldozed in 5Y, so ASHP upgrade extra punitive. We are already a low user (<3MWh DHW and space heat per year). Winter heat demand typically 3kW, peak ~6kW. Already have a heat battery installed (Thermino).
Other gas appliances long since gone. Electricity is single-phase. What would the learned mob here advise: a condensing gas combi, an electric combi, something else?
Obvs, I want to minimise carbon, including embedded/upfront carbon. I'm prepared to be a bit spendy to do that.
No Panic
The Thermino can provide DHW even if the combi fails. We did not put the heating on until December last year. So thinking about this in September may avoid a hurried, expensive and unhappy distress replacement of the combi!
Choices
The main choices, each with complications and caveats, seem to be:
- Repair the existing (non-condensing) combi [2]
- Install an air-source (air to water: A2W) heat-pump [1]
- Install some sort of air-to-air (A2A) heat-pump(s) [4]
- Install a new (condensing) combi [2]
- Install a new electric boiler [0]
The number in brackets is the number of votes for each option in effect (it's complicated) on the Twitter and BuildHub threads as at . No spontaneous support for my (high-OpEx) idea of a ~8kW electric combi, lots of suggestions for variants of air-to-air (A2A).
One reason I am reluctant to invest the money and carbon in an ASHP is that having it all destroyed in a few years seems like the wrong thing. Several people on Twitter and BuildHub have suggested that I could take a heat-pump with me (or presumably it could be sold on). That was unexpected!
Note that the first option, repairing the existing boiler, may include adding an external expansion vessel. We are very short of space, and such a thing may well be long on ugliness, but it might turn out to be the least worst thing to do.
A good suggestion from Andy is to consider second-hand, eg boilers or even HPs I suppose! Thank you.
Questions / sub-options
- Repair the existing (non-condensing) combi:
- Replace the internal expansion vessel (if that is the issue) or find space to fit an external one?
- Install an air-source (air to water: A2W) heat-pump:
- Will if fit where the gas boiler currently does, wall hung, for space heat and DHW?
- Can I hang any fan unit on the wall behind the boiler, and will that require planning and other permissions? Will the wall bear the weight? Will noise transmit into the house, in particular the bedrooms?
- What places are suitable to put the external unit? Am I running water or refrigerant from the external into the house?
- What power/rating should I allow for given our old single-phase infeed? 3kW--6kW should cover space heat, but what hot-water parameters (tank size, device rating, other) for our ~4kWh/d DHW demand?
- Will it accept hot water in direct from the heat battery?
- Will I need a buffer store of some sort?
- Will it continue to work with my Radbot TRV TTZC controls?
- Can I integrate the controls (preferably locally, not over the Internet) with the rest of my system, eg from my RPis?
- What is available / within regs second-hand?
- What will it cost (then save) to decommission the existing gas boiler and supply?
- Install some sort of air-to-air (A2A) heat-pump(s):
- What (S)COP can I expect for heating?
- Can it do cooling?
- What (S)COP/SEER can I expect for cooling?
- Can it dehumidify in winter/summer while heating/cooling/neither?
- What do I do for hot water? Convert the heat battery to be the entire DHW source?
- Am I limited to one external fan under GDPOs? Eg could I have multiple mini-splits A2A, maybe with a separate small A2W for DHW?
- Am I limited in the number of separate (possibly independent) units if they don't have external fans?
- For a multisplit, can rooms run at different temperatures, and set-back if the room is vacant?
- For a multisplit, how big is the pipework, what's in it (water), and how far can it run?
- Can I integrate the controls (preferably locally, not over the Internet) with the rest of my system, eg from my RPis?
- What is available / within regs second-hand?
- What will it cost (then save) to decommission the existing gas boiler and supply?
- Install a new (condensing) combi:
- What instantaneous power should I allow for? 3kW--6kW should cover space heat, but should I allow 20kW, 24kW for DHW when the heat battery is empty?
- What should I be looking out for in efficiency rating etc?
- Will it accept hot water in direct from the heat battery?
- Can I delay DHW response to turning on a tap to avoid any gas use if the heat battery is hot enough?
- What should my flow temperature be?
- Where should the condensate drain be routed given the footpath behind the boiler location, with no obvious drain?
- Will it continue to work with my Radbot TRV TTZC controls?
- What is available / within regs second-hand?
- Install a new electric boiler:
- What instantaneous power should I allow for given our our infeed? 3kW--6kW should cover space heat, but should I allow 8kW, 10kW, 12kW for DHW when the heat battery is empty?
- Should there be any storage from overnight low-carbon electricity, eg another heat battery, or even steal heat via the second pipe in the existing Thermino?
- Will it continue to work with my Radbot TRV TTZC controls?
- Can I easily continue to block out peak grid times eg 4pm to 7pm? for space heat at least?
- Will I need to replace/expand the consumer unit again?
- What is available / within regs second-hand?
- What will it cost (then save) to decommission the existing gas boiler and supply?
2022-09-21: Assessment
Via The Heating Hub someone is due round tomorrow to assess. They are able to repair, or replace with a condensing combi, or with an ASHP, as appropriate.
2022-09-22: Probably Fixed
Today I had the visit from Tom of Tom Plumb London Limited, and he made the expansion vessel work again.
We also talked through the options if his fix does not hold, including new combi (and routing of condensate pipe around the kitchen), and AHSP.We discussed for an ASHP were an external monobloc unit could go (in the back garden), routing the insulated pair of hot water pipes back to the current boiler cupboard. Also a buffer tank big enough to support the ASHP's reverse/defrost cycle. Also if we could get a big enough DHW tank in the existing boiler cupboard, or just let the Thermino do all the DHW.
Anyway, with luck the Potterton will Performa for another few years until the house comes down. The dilemma is done for now! A little over £100 all in.
I asked Tom to book in a full annual service of the combi early November. By that time we should have a decent idea if the expansion vessel will last or need replacing when he visits.
And to test things out we needed to run the heating for a short while. Felt dirty this early in autumn!
2022-09-23: Possibly Confused
At home just now I heard the boiler fire up briefly and is warm, and the circulation pump is running, even though:
- No one is running hot water.
- The boiler is in hot-water-only mode.
- There is no call for heat from the thermostat or boiler controller.
- The heating clock is (now) on never-on (0) mode.
I can only stop the pump by turning the boiler off entirely (0). I even tried the 'reset' position briefly to no effect.
I think that maybe a wire or two got jogged during yesterday's works, and the boiler now thinks that it is in 'both' (space and DHW) mode, and that it also has a demand for space heat.
For now I have turned the boiler off and I am putting my heat-battery system into the alternate mode to supply all hot water. Any bugs may sabotage my hot bath tomorrow, so I'm checking closely!
2022-10-04: Fixed
The combi was fixed this afternoon. A thorough service is pending though.
2022-11-17: Serviced
A thorough boiler service today, including (second-hand, refurbished) heat exchanger (HX), new diverter valve, and a PRV (pressure-relief valve) fix.
On the old HX, black gunge could be seen on one side, and scale on the other.
The old HX will go off to be cleaned and refurbished and reused.
~1.4kWh of gas was burnt during servicing and testing including DHW and radiators/heating. If this Performa does pack in before 16WW is bulldozed, a second-hand condensing boiler is likely to be available for ~£200.
I really need to have a copy of the heat-battery plumbing schematic, including isolation valves to help service and test the combi, filed next to the combi.
£288 all in. Less than I had feared it might be!
2023-12-13: Failed Again
The boiler dripped and then failed again, with the circulation pump running continuously, and no response to a call for hot water even with the Thermino only tepid.
So I have put the Thermino system back on emergency 'primary DHW' mode, so we should have hot water, but no heating. And I have emailed Tom Plumb!
2023-12-18: Octopus Heat-pump Offer
I requested an on-line Octopus heat-pump quote (valid for 30 days) for our address; just short of £2,700 including VAT after the BUS grant, but we would need to get an EPC (£60) and maybe planning permission (~£270). Having spoken to the helpline Octopus cannot do heat only, but can integrate with a solar DHW system. I have put down a £500 deposit to probably get a survey/install in spring, but we can cancel up to right before install and get all our money back. This would work out cheaper than the the extra electricity to run a simple electric boiler for ~5 years, which is how long we may have before demolition. No gas used for a week!
(Other installers tell me that they cannot get near this price: Octopus is likely to be hugely subsidising it on top of the Boiler Update Scheme grant.)
Two days later I took a call in the afternoon from Octopus checking eligibility: one question was about how much microbore pipework we have, another about where we would site the external and internal units and the DHW tank.
My head was full of cold/flu/covid, so my memory may be bad, but I think Octopus wanted 25mm copper main pipes (I think our non-microbore radiator pipes are 15mm), and gave the system internal unit dimensions as 1m by 1m by 2m, which would be tricky with the Thermino! That might include an integrated DHW tank though.
2024-02-05: provisional survey date booked
I was called and now have a provisional date for the Octopus heat-pump survey, in April (with a window of a week).
2024-02-10: new EPC
In order to allow a BUS grant, an in-date EPC is required, and it must not be suggesting any easy insulation works. Ours expired in 2019, so I booked in a new one, with the assessor here earlier in the week. Not everything done to improve this house can be captured by rdSAP.
The renewed 16WW EPC certificate came in from Ecoalex and it is an A (was previously B), which is ~0.3% of existing England and Wales homes.
2023-12-21: Fixed, Momentarily, then Fully?
The boiler dripping was a fault on the flow part of the diverter valve, ably fixed on the spot after diagnosis by Martin Elsby, thank you. £120 well spent.
However, it seems that the main PCB is probably getting flaky. Everything restarted while Martin had Baxi on the phone to try to diagnose the fault given some strange behaviour (no lockout when expected). So I expect to replace that in the new year at significant expense...
I may leave the Thermino system on emergency 'primary DHW' mode, given how low carbon the grid is at the moment, and given the potentially still-flaky state of the boiler.
2023-01-02: board-swap estimate after visit: £330.
Martin made an interesting point about electric boilers: it is difficult to find one person with the right qualifications and interest for electricity and wet heating, eg for maintenance!
Board swap started a little before 11am and was done in under half an hour, and we have heating again.
2024-01-03: Martin observed that on the old board a resistor was discoloured and seemed to have a dry joint: maybe that was the failure locus.
All done for £450 from diagnosis to today's fix. More than our annual gas bill!
I am taking the Thermino off 'primary' DHW duty.
2024-01-11: Low Temperature Experiment
It is ~6°C outside and is due to be similar over the next few days. I have turned the boiler flow temperature down to minimum (~35°C) to see if the house is warm enough, for a weather compensation data point. We barely need heat at ~12°C externally, so that is another data point.
The boiler seems to be running in bursts of 1 minute or shorter, maybe ~20% duty cycle, with two radiators ~fully open (out of six) and most of the rest slightly open.
As of ~21:30Z and nominal end of the heating period, I think it has worked well.
2024-01-13: up a bit
TRVs 1g
and 3l
were not turning off, though the rooms were not cold, so the ~35°C flow temperature may have been marginal for those rooms at the ~5°C outside at
.
Temperatures are due to drop significantly over the next few days (to below freezing overnight), so I have put the flow temperature back up to a more typical ~45°C. At this level 1g
and 3l
are usually turning off before the end of each heating period on .
2024-01-16: winter design temperature
The weather forecast claims -3°C outside, my porch sensor says below -1°C. Thus near enough London winter design temperature of -2°C.
Although slightly tricky to tell given all the comings and goings before the heating goes off at ~9am (on at ~07:30), the 45°C flow temperature seems to be sufficient: rooms are coming up to temperature and TRVs are turning down.
2024-01-18: winter design temperature or lower
The weather forecast claims -4°C outside, my porch sensor says near -2°C. Thus near enough London winter design temperature of -2°C again. (The hallway Radbot on frost protection ~6°C came on this morning...)
The living room is struggling a little to get up to temperature (with the RadFan off), so I have opened up the lockshield a little.
2024-01-19: winter design temperature or lower, again
Close enough to London winter outside design temperature (-2°C) again. Towards the end of the 07:30 to 08:59 nominal morning heating on-time, only the living room (4 on Radbot, ie ~21°C target; RadFan off) is still calling for heat.
(Mains water temperature was ~9°C.)
2024-02-19: Gas Disconnection
I asked Ecotricity the procedure for disconnecting the gas once we no longer needed it, and today I received an email:
In order to have your Gas meter removed and your account closed, you would first need to contact your distributor and ask them to cap the supply. Once you have a time frame for this, if you could then let us know, we can book an appointment for an engineer to attend and remove the meter for you. This will cost £92.19 ex VAT.
Though it occurs to me that I do not know if the distributor will charge me separately to cap the supply.
And indeed SGN estimates £1222+VAT (minimum)!
I have sent the following to OFGEM, CCed to my MP:
To whom it may concern,
Given that OFGEM now has a clear legal duty to support Net Zero, why is SGN allowed to charge a punitive amount (estimated at over £1000+VAT) for a voluntary gas disconnection (after moving to a heat pump)? My retailer asks for under £100 for its part of the process.
Disconnection should be free or a token admin charge to encourage the move from fossil fuels.
Can you justify this continuing charge?
2024-04-22: gas deflation
It was confirmed today by Ecotricity that disconnecting the meter and stopping the standing charge would cost £92.19 + VAT. The SGN work does not have to be done to make the gas bills stop.
...If you are no longer using gas in the property, you can have the meter removed and this will close your gas agreement and stop any standing charges.
The engineer will cap the supply point and make it safe. As the engineer is only responsible for the meter, any additional pipework you want removing coming into the property, would need removing by your gas network.
...
Follow the rest of the
Octopus heat-pump journey!
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