@inproceedings{krug2014networking,
title={Understanding the environmental costs of fixed line networking},
url={https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2602044.2602057},
urldate={2024-04-28},
howpublished={\url{https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2602044.2602057}},
DOI={10.1145/2602044.2602057},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Future energy systems},
publisher={ACM},
author={Krug, Louise and Shackleton, Mark and Saffre, Fabrice},
year={2014},
month={06},
series={e-Energy '14},
annote={Quote: "We present an energy per bit metric that is time averaged over actual traffic load rather than maximum capacity."  Estimated micro-Joules per bit of Facebook, Google and Akami are [20,50], $\sim$20, [0.9,1.7].  Quote: "... the energy and carbon cost of networking is not trivial - BT alone uses around 0.7\% of the UKs electricity."  Quote: "There is a lack of adaptation within most network equipment to enable it to respond to variable traffic levels, i.e. the power drawn does not typically go down as traffic decreases. Based on a comparison of peak bandwidth and actual utilization levels, we estimate that if the energy consumption of the network were able to fully track the utilization, then we would save 55\% of network energy."  Quote: "... further research is needed to understand how to make a network adapt its energy use to the actual traffic demand as this would have a significant impact on operational energy use in a practical deployment."},
}
% collection={e-Energy '14},