Earth Notes: General Bibliography (xu2023field)

• [xu2023field] Xu, Baoping and Chen, Zhuo and Wang, Xi and Jiang, Peihong Field tests to examine energy saving effects of occupants' thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) regulating behavior in district heating systems (accessed 2023-05-16), Taylor & Francis, 2023, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, volume 29, report/number 1, doi:10.1080/23744731.2022.2138689, article/pages 96–105 (article) (BibTeX).
  abstract

  Residential thermostat control is considered to be an effective way to allow individual regulation, and to encourage energy saving behavior. However, energy savings resulting from occupants' regulating behavior still needs to be quantified. We investigated several district heating systems that had thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) installed, in Beijing and Tianjin, and evaluated the energy saving ratio, and the influence of heat transfer from adjacent apartments for four typical regulation scenarios. To separate out the effects of the occupants' regulation, a reference analysis method is proposed for comparison. Results indicate that when an individual occupant adjusted the TRVs according to a daily schedule for intermittent heating, the energy saving ratio was only about 6%. When the TRVs of an apartment are kept closed for a long unoccupied period (more than 4 days), the daily energy saving ratio was about 20%, and the total quantity of heat transferred from adjacent apartments was about 80% of the heat consumption of the reference apartment. In addition, when the TRVs were kept at a set-value (such as 3), energy saving ratios of about 12% were obtained. The results of this study provide further data for developing better management policies for heating terminal customization.
  note

  [Quote: "In view of the above, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate how consumer behavior (regulation of TRVs) affects energy consumption, for an individual, for their adjacent neighbors, and for the entire heating system." Quote: "However, in an apartment with the TRV kept closed, the apartment still continues to consume heat, even though the heat dissipation from the radiators is approximately zero. This is because there is heat transfer between adjacent apartments, and the thermal inertia of the building envelop also acts as an 'indirect heat source', both of which can be traced back to the district heating network." Quote: "... the heat consumption of each adjacent apartment will increase by about 10–20%" in this case. Quote: "... a promising approach for TRV control is to employ a systematic and intelligent algorithm to maintain a desired room temperature range and add flexibility to the local thermal network." Quote: "From Figure 9 we can see that, when the apartment stopped heating for two days, the largest temperature drop in its north-facing room was about 2.5°C, and the average room temperature drop was about 1.5°C, compared with that in the reference apartment. Since the TRVs of the adjacent apartments were kept closed, the room temperature of apartment 2-502 was slightly lower than that of the reference apartment 2-202, with the biggest temperature difference being 1.5°C and the average temperature difference being 0.7°C."]