Earth Notes: General Bibliography (kensa2023networked)

• [kensa2023networked] element energy Low Carbon Heat Study (accessed 2023-05-26), Kensa Heat Pumps, 2023-05, PDF (report) (BibTeX).
  abstract

  GSHP networks install ambient loops in the street, financed and operated by a third party, with a heat pump in each home connecting to the network. The network absorbs heat from the ground at a near year-round constant of 10°C and delivers it to each home's heat pump to be raised to the temperature required for heating and hot water. Because of the stable ambient temperature of the ground, GSHPs can achieve efficiencies above 400%, meaning for every kWh of electricity consumed, 4 kWh of heat are supplied to the home. A networked approach to GSHPs means millions of homes, from terraces and tower blocks, can install GSHPs and access the benefits available from them.
  note

  [Phase 2 Quote: "Based on the Bingley 2015 data, nearly 70% of hours in the heating season have humidity higher than 85%, rising to over 80% of the hours in the coldest months." Quote: "Defrost penalties reduce the monthly ASHP COPs by close to 0.5 in the coldest months of the average year (2015), going above 0.5 in some months in the 1-in-20 cold year (2010)." Quote: "By the 8th year of operation, the ground temperatures around the borehole have stabilised ..." Quote: "With an internal allowed temperature change of 3°C and after energy efficiency improvements, over 66% of the British housing stock can shift their heating demand by over 4 hours on a peak cold day in a 1-in-20 cold year. With an internal allowed temperature change of 2°C and after energy efficiency improvements, 30% of British homes can shift their heating demand by over 4 hours on a peak cold day in a typical year."]