Earth Notes: General Bibliography (hanmer2019load)

• [hanmer2019load] Hanmer, Clare and Shipworth, David and Shipworth, Michelle and Johnson, Charlotte Load shifting with smart home heating controls: satisfying thermal comfort preferences (accessed 2023-04-12), in Eceee Summer Study Proceedings, ECEEE, 2019, pages 1377–1386, PDF (inproceedings) (BibTeX).
  abstract

  This paper investigates how UK households react to changes in daily heating patterns from a hybrid heat pump and the altered diurnal temperature profiles, which result from these new heating patterns. In the UK over 80 % of homes are heated by gas boiler heating water circulating through radiators. Most emissions reduction scenarios include a major shift to electric heat pumps. This would change home heating dynamics significantly because UK households are habituated to significant temperature fluctuations over the day as gas boilers are typically only operated in the morning and evening. Electric heat pumps run for longer at lower outputs than gas boilers and are likely to require demand management to shift times of heating operation away from electricity network peaks. Consequently the patterns of both heat delivery and the resultant room temperatures are likely to change, flattening the diurnal temperature profiles currently found in UK homes. Results are presented from a UK trial in which conventional gas boilers were replaced by a "hybrid" combination of electric heat pump and gas boiler, operated by smart heating controllers. Setpoint and actual temperature data from heating controllers in 71 homes were analysed and compared with data from conventional heating controllers in 3,579 homes. Interviews with 11 households explored residents' reactions to the changed heat delivery patterns from the heat pump. Interview responses indicated that residents' temperature requirements are not simply linked to patterns of occupancy but also to the timing of practices taking place in the home, such as childcare. Analysis of setpoint data showed temperature settings were adjusted manually upwards in the evening in a significant proportion of trial homes, indicating a change in temperature requirements at this point in the day. The implications for home heating control and demand management are discussed, in particular the need to satisfy varying temperature requirements at different times of day.
  note

  [Quote: "Residents must adjust from choosing when they want the heating to run, to choosing when they want to be warm and allowing the control algorithms to operate the heat sources to deliver this warmth." Quote: "The response to higher nighttime temperatures was less positive. Of the sample of eleven trialists interviewed, four were unhappy with high temperatures at night. ... This highlights a potential resistance to heating transition in the UK where people are accustomed to low temperatures when sleeping and may react negatively to higher nighttime temperatures. Heating and building design features such as zoning of bedrooms (so that they can be controlled at lower temperatures) could mitigate these negative reactions." Quote: "If, following a widespread transition, manual increases in setpoint occurred in many homes at peak demand times, this might reduce the potential for demand management. Unscheduled increases in setpoints could not be matched by pre-heating at periods of low demand since the control algorithm is not able to anticipate changes not entered in advance in the schedule."]