Earth Notes: General Bibliography (UKNIC2023assessment)

• [UKNIC2023assessment] UK National Infrastructure Commission The Second National Infrastructure Assessment (accessed 2023-10-18), UK National Infrastructure Commission, 2023-10-18, PDF (report) (BibTeX).
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  [Quote: "Not only will households switch to electric vehicles, but they will need to swap their gas boilers for cleaner, more efficient heat pumps." Quote: "The core recommendations the Commission is making to government include: - adding low carbon, flexible technologies to the electricity system to ensure supply remains reliable, and creating a new strategic energy reserve to boost Great Britain's economic security - taking a clear decision that electrification is the only viable option for decarbonising buildings at scale, getting the UK back on track to meet its climate targets and lowering energy bills by fully covering the costs of installing a heat pump for lower income households and offering \pound7,000 support to all others - investing in public transport upgrades in England's largest regional cities to unlock economic growth, improving underperforming parts of the national road network and developing a new comprehensive and long term rail plan which will bring productivity benefits to city regions across the North and the Midlands - ensuring gigabit capable broadband is available nationwide by 2030 and supporting the market to roll out new 5G services ..." Quote: "Government should establish a reserve of energy that can be released into the market to generate electricity in order to mitigate the effect of price shocks in the future." Quote: "Government should take the necessary actions to develop a reserve that can be used to generate 25TWh of electricity in 2040, and then maintain it at this level." Quote: "Gas boilers, which currently heat around 88 per cent of English buildings, need to be phased out and replaced by heat pumps. Around eight million additional buildings will need to switch to low carbon heating by 2035, and all buildings by 2050. Heat pumps and heat networks are the solution. They are highly efficient, available now and being deployed rapidly in other countries. The Commission's analysis demonstrates that there is no public policy case for hydrogen to be used to heat individual buildings. It should be ruled out as an option to enable an exclusive focus on switching to electrified heat." Quote: "The Commission recommends that government spending in the energy system is focused on heat decarbonisation." Quote: "Energy efficiency improvements are likely to be needed in a small proportion of buildings to make running a heat pump more effective."]