Earth Notes: General Bibliography (CCC2019technical)

• [CCC2019technical] Chris Stark and Mike Thompson Net Zero Technical report (accessed 2023-02-03), UK Committee on Climate Change, 2019-05-02, PDF (techreport) (BibTeX).
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  [Quote: "Near-full decarbonisation of heat for buildings is one of the biggest challenges in reducing emissions from the energy system to net zero by 2050." (Chapter 3) Core scenario: "In residential buildings, the parts of the stock which are generally easier and/or less costly to decarbonise include new homes, homes off the gas grid, homes suitable for district heating, and homes on the gas grid with relatively low barriers (i.e. with no space or heritage constraints). These homes are decarbonised in our Core scenario using a mixture of energy efficiency and low-carbon heating measures. This reduces direct emissions by 66 MtCO2e, leaving around 20 MtCO2e in 2050." Further Ambition: "additionally deploys low-carbon heating and energy efficiency measures for homes which are considered more costly and/or difficult to decarbonise. This includes homes on the gas grid with space constraints, and homes with heritage value (listed buildings and buildings in conservation areas). This scenario also includes the conversion of residual gas demands to hydrogen and biomethane injection into the gas grid. Altogether, this delivers 83 MtCO2e of abatement in total, leaving residual emissions of up to 4 MtCO2e in 2050." Figure 3.1 shows residential direct CO2 emissions at 13% of Uk total on 2017 and "Direct emissions in buildings result primarily from the use of fossil fuels for heating." ... "Buildings off the gas grid [13.9% of GB homes] have previously been identified as a low-regrets opportunity for deploying low-carbon heat, and heat pumps in particular." ... "Where buildings are subject to space constraints, this can restrict the range of low-carbon heating technologies that can be installed and/or increase the costs associated with the installation of those technologies. Heat pumps and electric heating for instance require hot water storage to service hot water demand. Some homes may not have rooms or cupboard space big enough to accommodate a traditional hot water tank." ... "In terms of low-carbon heat, alongside the 5m homes in our Core scenario connected to low-carbon heat networks, our Core scenario includes use of heat pumps in 17 million homes ..." "Alongside 5 million homes connected to low-carbon heat networks, our Further Ambition scenario includes around 19 million heat pumps in homes" ... which "... has up to around 4 MtCO2e of emissions unabated in 2050 ... associated with leaving around 10% of the residential housing stock which is most costly to decarbonise, using fossil fuel heating." ... "In particular for buildings, the retrofit of the 29 million existing homes across the UK must be treated as a national infrastructure priority."]